IP Guide
Projects (1)
Projects (2)
Identifiers
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other schemes
CACTUS,
the ECMS project under the Scottish On-Demand Publishing
Enterprise (SCOPE) program with support from the major
Bath Information & Data Services program (BIDS),
is one of several UK tertiary education projects providing
access to full text articles as registered or guest users.
CACTUS' registered users have free access to journals for
which the institution has paid a subscription. Access to
content in other journals is possible on an individual
purchase basis using an account or a credit card. Guest
users can access the bibliographic database; article
delivery requires payment by account or credit card.
The system includes
encryption of documents (which are delivered online from
each publisher's server), accounts, subscriptions and
single copy credit card purchases. Publishers set their
own policies and prices.
FASTDOC is an electronic document
delivery service for chemical information run by the
Beilstein Institute in Germany. It was essentially
concerned with traffic identification and billing.
The US-based Copyright
Clearance Center (CCC) offers an online licensing system
that allows rightsholders to set prices, establish
acceptable uses, and view their accounts directly. It's
primarily aimed at the education sector: for general
photocopying permissions, for clearance of
photocopied/online coursepacks. CCC also offers on-line
licensing of specific titles for reuse and republication
of printed works. It has an interface to the
copyright-management systems of IFRRO members such as the
UK Copyright Licensing Agency's Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS)
and Copyright Xpress, developed by Australia's CAL.
TULIP
- The University Licensing Project - was a major study by
academic institutions and publishing giant Elsevier
to explore issues relating to the electronic distribution
of scientific journals. The report
of work over five years is now available. A perspective on
the exercise is provided by Michael Binder's cogent paper
in the Journal of Electronic Publishing on Licensing
Models: Information As A Commodity.
Media Image Resource
Alliance (Mira)
is a testbed for an online digital-stock agency. Users are
able to browse, download, and clear rights to
professional-quality images (and archival material such as
cartoons from the New Yorker), with automated
licensing and access via an ECMS. The expectation is that
photographers will provide images directly to Mira, and
set prices and conditions for use. It brings together
on-line photography and licensing project of CCC, the
American Society of Media Photographers' copyright
collective (MPCA)
and Applied Graphics Technologies (AGT).
Universal ByLine
is a similar service, an on-line journalism content
delivery and rights licensing system developed by CAL's
counterpart the UK Author's Licensing & Collecting
Society (ALCS).
The Very Extensive Rights
Data Information (VERDI)
project in the EU is seeking to underpin multimedia
licensing by linking the disparate databases of the
European copyright management organizations. The
expectation is that a consortium would interconnect
existing rights & works databases with an online
licensing engine, while maintaining each partner's role in
acquiring rights from local IP owners and distributing
collected royalties and fees to them.
Although there's been
considerable noise from Japan, follow-through in
announcements of major government-funded ECMS has been
disappointing. The main national initiative is currently
the J-CIS (Japan Copyright Information Service). While
it's been hyped as providing information on copyrighted
material of all types and allowing users to contact the
current rightsholder to obtain necessary permissions, it's
essentially an electronic version of traditional
registration systems and does not address online
distribution/trading needs.
Among the basket of
more recent ECMS projects funded by the European
Commission (alas, with few substantive results) are
COMPAS
- Copyright Management and Multimedia Rights Clearance
Best Practices for Educational Multimedia, EFRIS
- Extended Frankfurt Rights Information System, ORS
- Open Rights System, PRISAM
- Producer Rights Information System for Audio-visual
& Multimedia content, RCTRIDW
- Rights Clearance for a Trans-Regional Integrated Digital
Warehouse, TV
Files - IPR for television Programmes, EUAN
- the EU Archive Network Project and MODE
- Music on demand.
North America
Recent North American
private sector projects include:
ContentGuard,
a new Microsoft and Xerox joint venture, aims to offer "a
comprehensive software system to protect and manage
e-books, documents, music, software and other valuable
content that is distributed over the web" using
digital rights management (DRM) technology developed at
Xerox PARC and based on XrML (eXtensible rights Markup
Language). The partners plan to use the DRM in future
versions of Windows Media Player and Windows Digital
Rights Manager
IBM
InfoMarket is a tool from Big Blue for online
publishers, authors and content providers. Recent reports
suggest that the InfoMarket server is hosting service for
more than 75 newswires, 300 newspapers, 800 newsletters
and 7,000 journals.
Searches of the databases on the
server are free but only provide an abstract and pricing
info. Users then access each publication on a
pay-as-you-use basis, with documents being delivered in an
encrypted cryptolope
'wrapper' . Unwrapping the document involves use of a
special application and online agreement to a contract,
contained in the abstract. Advocates suggest the
technology can accommodate very small online payments.
As part of the NetBill
online payment project involving Mellon Bank, Visa and
Carnegie Mellon University’s Information Networking
Institute the partners explored an internet pay-as-you-use
system for online delivery of text,
with authentication, account management, transaction
processing, billing and reporting.
NetBill aimed to handle
small amounts of information, for instance, a page or even
a paragraph. Transaction charges were to be as low as two
cents. The expectation was that the system would be used
by universities. The prototype handled subscriptions, free
use of documents and discounts.
The ExMentis system being
used by CANCOPY,
the Canadian rights management body, in its CARMA advanced
royalty management application involves around 300
publishers and the CCC. It is a copyright accounting
and royalty distribution system developed by Exergon
International and the Chicago Kent Law College.
Reciprocal
(with backing from Microsoft and InterTrust) is another
DRM system for delivering music, professional and
educational publications
iCopyright
is a secure systems approach developed by a Seattle-based
group. Magex is an InterTrust
and NatWest Bank project, based on a package of online
credit card payment technologies (the bank) with digital
content encryption (InterTrust). Users register
and pay to receive key that allows them to decrypt
content.
Copyright
Direct is a Canada-US partnership bringing together
book wholesalers and library service bodies in building
GOBI - the Global Online Bibliographic Information service
- an industry standard for library digital collections
management
CIPRESS
- the 'Cryptographic Intellectual Property Rights
Enforcement System' is a digital watermark-based system
being developed by the German Fraunhofer Institute and
Japan's Mitsubishi group
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