Projects (1)
Projects (2)
Identifiers
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ECMS
Projects (Part 1)
This page is under construction. It offers a picture of
some ECMS projects. There's a separate profile on metadata,
a building block for some ECMS schemes. The micropayments page
in our e-money guide looks at another building block.
DOI
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a US-based identification system for
intellectual property in the digital environment. Developed by the US Corporation for National Research Initiatives
(CNRI) and the International DOI
Foundation on behalf of the US publishing industry, it is intended as the
basis for seamless, automated copyright management and electronic
commerce systems. It uses the CNRI 'handle'
scheme for secure internet name resolution.
DOI relies on distributed computer system that
identifies digital items and associates them with rights management data
(eg access pricing codes, creator and publisher details). Despite the
name, DOI is thus a standard identification protocol (potentially
applicable to all categories of works and manifestations of intellectual
property) and a central directory that, when queried
using a DOI number, can link a user to billing/authorisation systems
underpinned by encryption technologies and copyright/contract law.
The DOI site includes a detailed handbook
as well as a number of detailed White Papers, such as The Digital Object Identifier Initiative: Current Position and View
Forward pdf. Norman Paskin's paper
on DOI: Current Status and
Outlook in the May 99 issue of D-Lib Magazine offers a more
recent overview.
Bill Rosenblatt's 1997 Solving the
Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online, an article
in the Journal of Electronic Publishing, is a succinct
introduction to DOI from the publisher perspective. It was criticised
two years later in Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems
for Scholarly Publishing, a paper
by Lloyd Davidson & Kimberley Douglas.
The US Copyright Office, a federal
government agency, is about to report on its two year study
with the Commerce Department of the ECMS provisions of the Digital
Millennium Copyright Act.
CrossRef is
a DOI-based reference linking initiative, launched in 1999 by major
specialist publishers. The intention is that researchers will be able to
move easily from a citation in an online journal
article to the text of the relevant article in another online journal, typically
located on a different server and published by a different publisher.
The DOI will ensure
permanent links. The target for December 2000 is to link 3 million articles.
IPR Systems
Locally, IPR
Systems are initiating interesting large scale trials in
partnership with the Australian Society of Authors (ASA)and other bodies.
The
work builds on the studies by PROPAGATE, a Commonwealth-funded
cooperative research centre with links to the UK IMPRIMATUR
project under the auspices of the UK Author's
Licensing & Collecting Society (ALCS).
OzAuthors
is a joint venture between IPR Systems and the ASA, using DBX (Digital
Book Exchange) technology - rights management software that
enables authors and other rights holders to set the rights/permissions
relating to their work as a building block for secure online trading.
E-Books
The Cross-Industry Working Team (XIXT)
has produced a paper
on 'Managed Access', dealing with questions of managing rights and
permissions in the digital environment.
The Open E-Book Forum (OeBF) has
formed a Digital Rights
Management Strategy Working Group (DRMSWG)
to consider standards for ECMS used in e-book hardware and software. Its first meeting was held as
part of the OeBF's Spring Meeting Series
in New York.
The working group has produced
a draft Framework for the Epublishing Ecology (FEE),
to provides
a foundation for critical thinking, discussion, standards
development and decision making in the world of electronic publishing.
CITED
The CITED (Copyright in Transmitted Electronic Documents)
project early last decade aimed at a generic EU-wide ECMS model and
software for demonstration purposes. Users were required to enter a password
and then presented with an on-screen 'contract' specifying access charges
and conditions, different categories of use/user incurring different
charges.
Results from CITED were underwhelming, although there was
further study through the COPEARMS, COPICAT and COPINET projects:
COPEARMS
(Coordinating Project for Electronic Author Rights
Management System) was a 1996 project to provide
technical, organisational and legal assistance to European Commission
IPR research and development projects, primarily by updating the CITED model.
The COPICAT
(Copyright Ownership Protection In Computer Assisted Training) project
built on CITED and sought to explore encryption for copyright protection
of online training material, essentially by preventing users from
forwarding documents. Copyright works were encrypted by rights holders or trusted third parties:
users were to be able to view but not save 'unwrapped' (ie decrypted)
documents.
The COPINET (Billing System for Open-access
Networked Information Resources) project was a prototype for secure
web-based information retrieval and document
delivery. The trial featured authentication and charging of registered users.
It allowed searching of an abstracts database linked to a full-text archive of page images of IEE publications.
Further development was expected to allow one-off payment from unregistered
users and
anonymous digital cash transfers. A brief report
on the project is available.
DECOMATE,
a 1995 consortium involving Tilburg University, the London School of Economics
and Universitat Autonoma
de Barcelona, aimed to provide end users with electronic access to
academic journals from Elsevier, Kluwer and other major publishers. Special
generic software was been developed to link bibliographic records to
full text articles and implemented at the three libraries, which all
differ in their technical environments. DECOMATE included a module for
user authorization and usage monitoring and reporting.
next page (other ECMS projects)
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