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ICL: A Business & Technical History (Oxford: Clarendon Press 89) by Martin Campbell-Kelly is the definitive history of the UK company.

There is a more panoramic view in John Hendry's Innovating for Failure: Government Policy & the Early British Computer Industry (Cambridge: MIT Press 1990), Jon Agar's The Government Machine: A Revolutionary History of the Computer (Cambridge: MIT Press 2003) and Tom Kelly's The British Computing Industry: Crisis & Development (London: Croom Helm 1987).

Essays in The International Computer Software Industry: A Comparative Study of Industry Evolution & Structure (Oxford: Oxford Uni Press 1995) edited by David Mowery are also of relevance.






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version of August 2005
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