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This page highlights major events in the history of cartography
and GIS.
It covers -
Context
is provided by the broader media, business and technology
timeline.
beginnings
1351 Medici sea atlas
1375 Catalan atlas
1436 Bianco's world map
1447 Fra Mauro's world map
1448 Andreas Walsperger's world map
the age of print
1469 first printing of Strabo's Geography
1477
Nicolaus Germanus' edition of Ptolemy's Geographia
1524 Petrus Apianus' Cosmographia
1541 Gerhardus Mercator globe
1543 Augustin Hirschvogel's Geometria
1543 Cornelis Anthonisz' Caerte van Oostland
1569 Mercator Projection
1569 Mercator map of Europe
1570 Abraham Ortelius' Theatrum orbis terrarum
1572 Georg Braun's Civitates orbis terrarum
1575 Ignazio Danti's map cycles in Cosimo I de Medici's
Guardaroba Nuova at the Palazzo Vecchio
1578 Mercator's edition of Ptolemy's world atlas
1579 Christopher Saxton's Atlas of England
1579 Ortelius' Parergon Theatri
1584 Lucas Waghenaer's Spiegel der Zeevaert
1595 Mercator heirs publish Atlas sive cosmographicae
meditation de fabrica mundi et fabricati figura
1598 Paul Pfinzing's Methodus Geometrica
1599 Edward Wright's Certaine Errors in Navigation
1603 Bayer's Uranometria
1609 Galileo discovers satellites around Jupiter
1610 John Speed's The Theatre of the Empire of Great
Britaine
1627 Gerritsz' Caert van't landt Eendracht
1641 Claude Chastillon's Topographie francaise
1646 Robert Dudley's Arcano del Mare
1660 Cellarius' Harmonia Macrocosmica
1662 Joan Blaeu's Atlas Maior
mathematisation of the world
1669 Jean Picard measurement of degree of latitude
1675 establishment of Royal Observatory at Greenwich
1687 Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica
1689 John Seller's The English Pilot
1690 Hevelius' Uranographia
1693 Coronelli's Epitome Cosmografica
1701 Edmond Halley's isogonic map
1742 Doppelmayr's Atlas Coelestis
1752 Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville's Carte de
l'Inde
1752 Phillippe Buach's contour map
1752 Didier Robert de Vaugondy's Atlas Universal
1753 Flamsteed's Atlas Coelestis
1761 Bourguignon d'Anville's general map of the world
1767 British East India Company establishes Survey of
India
1782 August Crome's statistical map of production in Europe
1784 Cary's Map of the Great Post-Roads between London
& Falmouth
1788 James Rennell's Map of India
1791 foundation of UK Trigonometrical Survey (later Ordnance
Survey)
1801 William Smith's geological map of England & Wales
1802 launch of Great Trigonometrical Survey of India
1812 Alexander von Humboldt's Atlas geographique et
physique
1817 von Humboldt's global temperature map
1819 Pierre Charles Dupin's cartogram of illiteracy in
France
1830 Montizon Carte philosophique figurant la population
de la france
1836 Hermann Berghaus' Physical Atlas
1851 establishment of Geological Survey of India
1855 John Snow's epidemiological map
1855 James Gall anticipates Peters Projection
1859 Gaspard Tournachon's aerial photography
1861 Francis Galton's barometric weather map
1863 Galton's Meteorographica
1869 Charles Minard's flow map
1877 Schiaparelli's map of Mars
1878 establishment of International Federation of Surveyors
1891 Albrecht Penck's proposal for 1:1m scale International
Map of the World
1895 J. G. Bartholomew and Royal Scottish Geographical
Society's Atlas of Scotland
1899 first edition of Soumen Kartaso in Finland
eyes in the skies
1908 L. P. Bonvillian takes first photographs from aircraft
1909 Bonvillian makes first aerial motion pictures
1910 establishment of International Society of Photogrammetry
1921 establishment of International Hydrographic Bureau
(IHB)
1922 establishment of International Geographical Union
1922 first Times Atlas of the World
1922 first scientific aerial archaeology
1950 Meteorological Office of Britain publishes Climatological
Atlas of the British Isles
1954 launch of Atlas of Australian Resources
1956 French Institute Geographique National publishes
Relief Form Atlas
and in space
1957 Sputnik
1958 US National Aeronautics & Space Administration
(NASA)
1959 formation of International Cartographic Association
1967 first US Timation satellite
1967
US Transit system made available to civilian users
1970 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) founded
1972 launch of first LANDSAT satellite
1974 Arno Peters hypes Peters Projection
1974 US NAVSTAR experimental GPS satellite
1975 establishment of European Space Agency
1977 USGS develops Digital Line Graph (DLG) spatial data
format
1979 establishment of Australian Centre for Remote Sensing
(ACRES)
1983 US announces that GPS will be made available for
international civil use
1984 NOAA publishes draft GPS standards in Federal Register
1986 first SPOT satellite
1992 US FAA issues performance standards for GPS receivers
1993 US formally opens GPS to civilian users
1995 UK National Geographic Data Framework (NGDF) established
1999 IKONOS satellite
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